We study how public policies affects an economy where production emits pollutants and investment in productive assets raises the economy’s overall productivity. We explore two hypotheses about how the accumulation of pollutants affects human well-being. Under the first one, there is no limit...

Based on an in-depth literature review and responses to a survey among OECD member countries, this paper discusses the use of flexibility mechanisms in environmental regulations. Such mechanisms can provide flexibility as to how a given environmental improvement is achieved, regarding where...

The purpose of this paper is to consider the dynamics of growth in a two state variable and two control variable model where the environment is taken as a constraint. This captures some elements of environmental problems not covered in the cost approach. It also captures the idea that the...