The supply of women into senior management has changed little despite well-intentioned efforts. We argue that the … biggest effect is from supply-side factors that inhibit females' decision to enter competitions: Women are under …-confident about winning, men are over-confident; women are more risk averse than men in some settings; and, most importantly, women …

Innovative women entrepreneurs can be agents of change and offer novel solutions to global challenges. However, they … face multiple barriers to growing their businesses. This paper reviews the literature on strategies to support women … various interventions suggest the need for more precise targeting. The multiple constraints faced by women entrepreneurs …

Though more than 100 countries have adopted gender quotas, the impacts of these reforms on women's political leadership … party on municipal party groups - to examine quotas' effect on women's selection and survival as leaders within their …, but not more likely to support the reelection of women to the post. Extending this analysis, we show that the quota …