This paper studies the long-term distribution of energy-efficiency outcomes in the German residential sector. To uncover the underlying energy efficiency of buildings, we estimate the causal response of building-level heat energy demand to variability in heating degree days. We examine...

Global emissions of CO2 need to fall lest climate change will accelerate. Any effective climate policy must raise the price of carbon consumption. From an urban perspective, one desirable effect of a carbon tax would be to induce households to move closer to where they work. This paper shows...

Climate variability is one of the main environmental causes of losses to the agricultural sector. Most of the methodological tools applied to estimate its economic cost usually account only for the direct impact on agricultural activity. In this paper we use an alternative approach in which a...

Recently, various environmental problems have been generated with the rapid economic development in China. That's because China currently over-emphasized economic development beyond environmental issues; therefore, now it is important to enforce optimal environmental policies in order to achieve...