Regarding the Arab region, GDP per capita virtually stagnated for more than 20 years from 1980. During the same period, GDP per capita in the world's highly industrialized states further increased and the gap between the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and the highly developed countries...

The work is a normative approach towards the financial stability of a society comprising banks, firms, and a central bank (research field: macroeconomics/financial stability). I propose new rules that will endogenously emerge from the analysis to decrease the financial instability of the system....