When banks are faced with a funding shortage in money market wholesale funding, they partly substitute by tapping other wholesale funding sources. Using auction-level data on large corporate deposits, we trace these substitution effects and their implications, which go beyond the balance sheets...

Cooperative banks, similarly to other credit institutions, obtain financial resources from entities with finance surplus and satisfy the needs of those entities, which suffer from financial deficits. In comparison to commercial institutions, it is the large and stable deposit base, which is...