Differences in life expectancy between high and low socioeconomic groups are often large and have widened recently in many countries. Such longevity gaps affect the actuarial fairness and progressivity of public pension systems. However, behavioral responses to longevity and policy complicate...

Nowadays, the concept of multidimensional poverty, inequality, deprivation, and well-being is not uncommon. While theoretical progress such as capability theory has provided rigorous framework for multidimensional analysis, empirical methods and tools such as UNDP's MPI (multidimensional poverty...

Natural advantages determine where agglomerations emerge. Also, efficiency and economies of scale determine how many agglomerations subsist and how they interact, forming complex urban hierarquies. Moreover, physical characteristics influence the way humans divide land into irregular parcels we...

This chapter looks at US household sector micro data since 1989, to explore the relation between income inequality and financial fragility from a macro perspective. In contrast with a portfolio (and wealth inequality) approach to household financial instability, which focuses on the investments...