Facebook, Amazon, Netflix and Google, as well as Twitter – the FANG companies – have transformed society with both positive and negative effects. Soaring consumer access to information, news, social networks, and entertainment has been stimulated by the ever-more ubiquitous and falling...

The part of the economy that depends, directly or indirectly, fully or partially, on the flow and analysis of data is growing of importance2. Data-driven businesses are spilling over from the online to the offline economy, changing traditional industries. They are set to become pervasive in the...

This paper aims to shed light on the economic tools, as well as the legal-economic reasoning, which are used by different European antitrust authorities to assess the allegedly anticompetitive practices of a platform operating in a two-sided market (2SM). First of all, we show that despite the...