Social preferences for the punishment of free riders are critical for generating cooperative behavior in human society …. Focusing on the receiving fees of Japan's public broadcaster, this study analyses how punishment of free riders, that is, the …

irrespective of punishment and therefore have a lower demand for a costly punishment institution than groups of like-minded free … riders, who are unable to cooperate without punishment. We also predict that the difference in the demand for punishment is … cooperative groups to avoid wasting resources for an unneeded punishment institution. In uncooperative groups, it helps members to …