inflation and deflationary biases in inflation expectations. In a model with an occasionally binding zero-lower-bound constraint …, we show that an inflation bias as well as a deflationary bias exist as a steady-state outcome. We assess the predictions … of this model using unique individual-level inflation expectations data across nine countries that allow for a direct …

) modified the original curve in linking the unemployment rate to the inflation rate. This essay analyzes the links of the modern … discussion to the debates over time highlighting similarities, differences, and ways ahead regarding the formation of inflation … addressed as the anchoring of inflation expectations as a precondition for keeping inflation targets and the question whose …

and a smooth estimated trend. Based on output growth and inflation forecasts and a comparison to revised output gap …