Especially after 1990's, important results have emerged with the rapid transformation process in the world by the concept of globalization. It is emphasized that cities are the center of spatial transformation where the globalization mostly effected. The economic and technological developments...

This paper examines the importance of localized knowledge for innovative exporters by observing their embeddedness in regional innovation systems and international knowledge flow by using trade data on openness. The study distinguishes between new competence creation as proxied by patent...

This paper considers diversity of the knowledge of expats as a complementary dimension of human capital that may generate spillovers. Such, often intangible, knowledge about foreign markets, management skills, and other complementary information may enhance the productivity of these expats, or...

The main aim of this paper is to exam the local dimension of the university and industry linkages. It is widely recognized in the literature that academic research is an important source of new knowledge to the innovative efforts of the firms. Many authors, such as Audrescht and Feldman (1996),...

For more than two decades cluster policies have emerged as a central focus for decision-makers trying to instigate territorial development. The benefits, especially in terms of collective learning, knowledge sharing and other types of agglomeration economies and spill-over effects, are well...

The increasing openness of economies and the phenomenon of globalization has led to know-how and innovation becoming the key factors for business in terms of competitiveness. Thus, the fact that the activities and services are increasingly innovative means that the construction of innovation is...

This paper investigates empirically determinants of regional growth. The scant literature that exists indicates that a region's economic growth depends to a large extent on several features of the regions themselves, which evolve slowly over time. Our results contribute to this set of...

The creative class approach (Florida, 2002b) has led to many developments. Therefore, measurement of creativity (Chantelot, 2010), economic influence of creative people in urban (Marlet & Van Woerkens, 2007) and rural (McGranahan & Wojan, 2007) environments, or creative people geography...

In response to economic globalization many manufacturing firms fragment their production processes into small blocs. The fragmented blocs are scattered to the sites suitable to their production characteristics. These location changes alter not only economic composition of individual cities but...

Ã...land, a small autonomous island province of Finland with 28,000 inhabitants, is base for commercial shipping employing - in and outside Ã...land - about 6 100 people, onboard and ashore, with an annual gross salary volume of 243 million euros and capital income of 275 million euros (2009)....