A European debate over measures ostensibly to fully achieve a single market for electronic communications across the EU was brought to a head by the European Commission's 2013 proposed Telecoms Single Market (TSM) legislative package. The Commission apparently hoped to achieve a Single European...

We investigate how protectionist policies influence short-run economic growth. Our empirical strategy exploits an extraordinary tax scandal that gave rise to an unexpected change of government in Sweden. A free-trade majority in parliament was overturned by a protectionist majority in 1887. We...