economic output in ASEAN for the period 1971-2015 using cointegration and causality models. The empirical results from the … models suggest that there is a long-run relationship and there is causality between these variables, indicating that energy … emission, without having much effect on economic growth. …

For spatial data with a sufficiently long time dimension, the concept of global cointegration has been recently … included in the econometrics research agenda. Global cointegration arises when non-stationary time series are cointegrated both … homogeneous and heterogeneous panel data estimators to a Spatial Panel Error Correction Model (SpECM) for regional output growth …