youth unemployment in Europe? Economic theory predicts that in the absence of perfectly competitive labour markets, changes … in the relative size of age groups will cause changes in age-specific unemployment rates. In light of the expected … areas of low unemployment, the empirical analysis employs an instrumental variables estimator to identify the causal effect …

This paper studies the effects of investment tax credits on firms’ input choices by exploitinga sudden shift in the tax … significant increase in both investment and employment, with implied elasticities with respect to capital costs of 2.8 and 1 … hiring of new employees rather than a decrease in separations, with direct flows out of unemployment constituting about half …

(unemployment rate, average wages) and education (major schools and courses by different grades, training centers); and image and …