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We measure country welfare by an index number calculated from welfare components like GDP per capita and expected length of life. We rank countries from high to low welfare using such estimated welfare indices. In such calculation the chosen welfare components, the procedures used to normalize...
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This study evaluates the redistributive and welfare effects of reforms in indirect taxes in Rwanda. Specifically, its aim is to determine the effects of the 2002 reforms of the value added tax (VAT) rate on aggregate household welfare; assessing the impact of this reform on welfare distribution...
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Modeling a micro-structure of agglomeration economies, this article derives a second-best benefit evaluation formula for urban transportation improvements. Without explicitly modeling the sources of agglomeration economies, Venables (JTEP 2007) investigated the same problem. This article...
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quality by climate change, this study develops a theoretical framework of a CGE model that integrates the utility function … study are shown below. 1) By solving the integrability problem, we derived the utility function that has composite goods … utility function derived in this study. 2) Through some numerical experiments by the beach erosion scenarios, we revealed that …
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