Land and urban management techniques in geopolitical conflict zones are globally associated with significant challenges, in which the built environment and their associated lands usually suffer from lack of essential elements, including, but not limited to, ownership status, accessibilities,...

Since the East Asian Miracle report was published by the World Bank in 1993, East Asian countries have achieved economic development with the "flying geese pattern" respectively as well as advancements in informatization based on each political and cultural context. In particular, the revolution...