, and government expenditure on education between the years of 1970 and 2012 for the case of France. Johansen co …-integration relationship indicates that capital, labor, and government expenditure on education are long-run determinants of GDP for the case … education to GDP and from labor and expenditure to capital. Results of the study suggest the existence of education …

consumption expenditure (e.g., education, defense, and the general legal and administrative infrastructure). Because of data … some of the collective consumption expenditure is actually distributed. We focus on public spending on education, which … makes up about 5% of national income in most OECD countries. We find that, in Germany at least, education spending tends to …