tenative, since there remain questions about transparency and soft budget constraints (Plekhanov 2006). We show federalism at … allocations and spending requirements. Supportive of the conclusion in Chebankova (2008), the term adaptive federalism applies to …

implementation of the subsidiarity principle in the area of the provision of public services. Due to the recent opportunities … (limited federalism) for regions in Italy to establish their own government system and philosophy, Lombardy has made the best … of these opportunities by using the principle of subsidiarity. Applying this principle to a governance model offers a …

conditions and interests. Specificity of modern Russian federalism lies in the history of the formation and organization of its … territories . Introduction of federalism in a state management practices in Russia in early 1990s. occurred in the wave of … accordance with a level of the Russian economy and its spatial structure. The introduction of more democratic forms of federalism …