We analyze the di fferential growth e ffects of basic research, applied research, and embodied human capital … and expenditures for basic research. Our results also indicate that raising public investments in basic research reduces … economy. These short-run costs of basic research might be an explanation for the reluctance of governments to increase public …

scientific projects and the development of large-scale research infrastructures. Investment in science – whether in education and … training or through public funding for developing new research tools and technologies – is a crucial priority. Authors from big … research laboratories/organizations, funding agencies and academia discuss how investing in science can produce societal …