active labour market policy in Germany by a reform in 2003. Instead of being assigned to training courses by caseworkers …

The possibility of adverse selection by training firms is common theoretical argument for company-sponsored investments … in general skills. The paper derives a public and a private signal after apprenticeship training and shows that training …

engineering sense) of the task, against the cost of employing workers, which is increasing in training time required by the task …. Insights from artificial intelligence and robotics suggest that some tasks do not require training regardless of complexity …, while in other tasks training is required and increases in complexity. In equilibrium, firms are more likely to automate a …