employment in food retailing. Using data on the universe of German shops, we find that relaxing restrictions on business hours … increased employment by 0.4 workers per shop corresponding to an aggregate employment effect of 3 to 4 per cent. The effect was … driven by an increase in part-time employment while full-time employment was not affected. The statistical significance of …

Job polarization is a widely documented phenomenon in developed countries since the 1980s: employment has been shifting … production, and a disproportionate increase in the demand for high-end (luxury) services. To attract more workers into the low …- and high-skilled services, the wages in these two sectors have to grow at a faster pace than in the middle. …