Much empirical research in economics is based on data from household surveys. Panel surveys are particularly valuable … may alter subsequent behavior. We provide novel evidence of survey effects on household financial behavior in a developed … increasing in the education level of the household. One interpretation is that the survey acted as a salience shock. …

unemployment increase in Spain can be traced back to the debt deleveraging needs of Spanish households. We use provincial household … debt and sectoral unemployment data and follow Mian and Sufi (2012) to isolate the effect of household debt on Spanish … unemployment. We find that the level of household sector debt in Spanish provinces in 2007 is a highly significant determinant of …