Understanding corruption is at the heart of treating the dysfunctionality of many countries' public sectors. Yet, most … corruption research suffers from one common problem: There is no "objective" measure of public-sector corruption for a cross …-section of countries. Most studies on the determinants or the effects of corruption rely on indicators of corruption perception …

-profile corruption cases have fueled moral outrage, and amid a growing consensus that corruption can seriously undermine a country …'s ability to deliver inclusive economic growth in a number of different areas, addressing corruption globally-in both developed … and developing countries-has become increasingly urgent. When corruption impairs government functions, it can adversely …

relationship is influenced by the quality of local institutions, as proxied by corruption. We use representative data from a large … corruption environments. We find that corruption leads to more pessimistic beliefs about others' contributions in heterogeneous … groups, and this is an important mechanism explaining our results. In doing so, we highlight the indirect costs of corruption …

relationship is influenced by the quality of local institutions, as proxied by corruption. We use representative data from a large … corruption environments. We find that corruption leads to more pessimistic beliefs about others' contributions in heterogeneous … groups, and this is an important mechanism explaining our results. In doing so, we highlight the indirect costs of corruption …

This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty … towards the powers that be; thus corruption is a method of governance. We trace the systemic corruption back to the Mongolian …

discretion and hence the space for policy errors; (2) human resource policies, capacity building, effective anti-corruption …