How do geographic frictions affect firm organization? We show theoretically and empirically that geographic frictions increase the use of middle managers in multi-establishment firms. In our model, we assume that a CEO's time is a resource in limited supply, shared across headquarters and...

How do geographic frictions affect firm organization? We show theoretically and empirically that geographic frictions increase the use of middle managers in multi-establishment firms. In our model, we assume that the time of the CEO of a firm is a resource of limited supply that is shared among...

The superior risk-bearing ability of commercial insurers is limited. Their comparative advantage depends on the calculability of property-liability loss distributions. Insurance contracts have their own transaction costs and these may outweigh the benefits of the commercial risk transfer. The...