security and guarantee employment in the mining regions. In Poland, the hard coal mining industry is currently undergoing a …The hard coal mining industry in the European Union (EU) is in decline, mostly due to a lack of price competitiveness … determine the influence of state aid on the competitiveness of the hard coal mining industry in 12 countries of the EU …

due to the burning of bituminous coal for heat. We estimate the effects of this bituminous coal consumption on mortality … rates in the U.S. during the mid-20th century. Coal consumption varied considerably during the 20th century due to coal … of confounding factors, we use a triple-differences identification strategy that relies on variation in coal consumption …

There has been a widespread displacement of coal by natural gas as space heating and cooking technology in Turkey in …