removing barriers to bank entry on bank competition and economic growth. As governments were not concerned about systemic … stability in this period, we are able to isolate the effects of bank competition from those of state implicit guarantees. We … find that the introduction of free banking laws stimulated the creation of new banks and led to more bank failures. Our …

This paper identifies how bank branching benefited local economies during the Great Depression. Using archival data and … narrative evidence, I show how Bank of America's branch network in 1930s California created an internal capital market to … competing banking offices. The bank's presence caused smaller city property value contractions and stronger recoveries through …

The decline in cash use and growing use of digital distribution for retail banking leads to a reduced need for bank … increase in exit risk after branch closures. Our results thus suggest that the disappearance of bank branches have far …

branch numbers across countries and the opening and closing of branches, bank fragility and consolidation are surprisingly at … important role than internal processing technology. General bank level factors are more important than local internet access …. Bank internal use of technology appears to be more relevant than use of technology by competitors. While large banks rely …