metrics based on equity market valuations of bank capital are better than regulatory capital ratios, and other metrics, in …

balance of three forces: interest rate pass-through, risk shifting, and leverage. When banks can adjust their capital … structures, a monetary easing leads to greater leverage and lower monitoring. However, if a bank's capital structure is fixed …

Cointegration analysis is applied to the linear combinations of the time series of (the logarithms of) output, capital …, labor, and energy for Germany, Japan, and the USA since 1960. The computed cointegration vectors represent the output … production factors capital, labor, and energy. We find that they are for labor much smaller and for energy much larger than the …