combination of purchased and own care, the effect of income on fertility is ambiguous, even if quantity of children is a normal … income effect on fertility is positive when quantity is a normal good. (iii) If, on the other hand, there only is own care …, there is a different kind of quantity quality trade off. The income effect on fertility is positive if quantity is a closer …

household outcomes. We find that in cities with a larger kindergarten exposure, families significantly reduced fertility, with …. Households reduced fertility because kindergarten attendance increased returns to education, but it also led to higher …

This paper explores how inflows of low-skilled immigrants impact the tradeoffs women face when making joint fertility … and labor supply decisions. I find increases in fertility and decreases in labor force participation rates among high …

potentially more convenient childcare options with increased fertility. An analysis of U.S. Census data between 1980 and 2000 … among women who are most likely to consider childcare costs when making fertility decisions - namely, married women with a … the types of women who have stronger fertility relative to labor supply responses to immigrant-induced changes in …

Fertility and female labour force participation are no longer negatively correlated in developed countries. Recently … prices of household services, which are relevant for fertility and employment decisions. This paper analyses the effect of … immigration on labour supply and fertility of native women in the UK, with a focus on the role of immigration on household …

Germany has the lowest birth rate among all OECD countries. To encourage fertility, the federal government has recently … fertility may be reversed through changes in public policy that allow women to combine employment and motherhood. …

special attention to estimating how intended fertility (fertility before children are born) responds to these policies. We use … two evaluation tools: (i) a dynamic model on fertility, labor supply, outsourced childcare time, parental time, asset … expenditure to increase fertility to the replacement level might be viewed as prohibitively high. …

Fertility has a strong biological component generally ignored by economists. Using the UK Biobank, we analyze the …

the traditional agricultural economy to modern economic growth, household real income increases, fertility decreases, and … twin births, child sex composition, and family planning policies, to identify the causal effect of fertility on child …