Clinical trials play a decisive role in the drug approval processes. By completing a p-curve analysis of a newly compiled data set that consists of thousands of clinical trials, we substantiate that the occurrence of p-hacking in clinical trials is not merely hypothetical. Medical and...

An urn contains balls of d = 2 colors. At each time n = 1, a ball is drawn and then replaced together with a random number of balls of the same color. Let An =diag (An,1, . . . ,An,d) be the n-th reinforce matrix. Assuming EAn,j = EAn,1 for all n and j, a few CLT s are available for such urns....

This paper discusses how household panels in general - and the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) in particular - can serve as reference data for researchers collecting datasets that do not represent the full universe of the population of interest (e.g., through clinical trials, intervention...

Randomised controlled or clinical trials (RCTs) are generally viewed as the most reliable method to draw causal inference as to the effects of a treatment, as they should guarantee that the individuals being compared differ only in terms of their exposure to the treatment of interest. This...

Pharmaceutical firms typically enjoy market exclusivity for new drugs from concurrent protection of the underlying invention (through patents) and the clinical trials data submitted for market approval (through data exclusivity). Patent invalidation during drug development renders data...