outbreak. Furthermore, it elaborates on patent-related policy options provided by the TRIPS Agreement, and WTO Members …COVID-19, caused by SARS-Cov-2, was declared to be a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Since … then, the issue of the relationship between patent protection and the development of and access to medical treatments and …

the extent and impact of patent holdup and holdout in the ICT sector, and then about how to eliminate or reduce these … made great efforts to solve the issue of patent holdup and holdout, there is still an ongoing struggle among divergent … stakeholders. Patent holdup and holdout directly impacts the innovation and dissemination of patented technology, the harmonization …

. Domestic innovation is measured as citation-weighted domestic patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO): to account for … to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries …

the lead role in enacting the TRIPS Agreement's substantive and procedural patent flexibilities by introducing unique … compulsory licensing, the most notable exception to patent rights provided under the TRIPS Agreement. This empirical study is …The World Trade Organization (WTO) linked intellectual property protection with trade. The WTO Agreement on Trade …

Rights (TRIPS Agreement) and Public Health adopted by the World Trade Organization, we realize that its impact is beyond … issues of public health stricto sensu. The Doha Declaration has inspired discussions at the Council for TRIPS regarding … of the discussion in the TRIPS Council is the need to rebalance public interests (such as public health and environmental …