years old) have, on average, accounted for all of US employment growth over the past few decades. New businesses are … especially important for youth employment. However, these businesses tend to borrow a lot, and the credit constraints they face …

employment and job dynamics across different enterprise types. In the context of India, where MSMEs have been traditionally … supported and encouraged by different policy initiatives to generate the much needed employment opportunities outside the … contributors to employment in the manufacturing sector. And two, how their contributions have evolved over time, across states …

and two-thirds of the additional hiring occurs within two months. The response of hiring from employment is twice as large … as the response of hiring from non-employment. Firms that are smaller, low-wage and fast-growing are associated with … employment, consistent with replacement hiring and the presence of vacancy chains. Growth in revenue and value added strongly …

firms in size groups with the traditionally used measure of employment size in the base year suggests that small firms … create a disproportionally higher number of jobs than large enterprises. This relation declines when average employment size … is used instead, and it reverses when firm age is controlled for. The crisis brought about large declines in employment …