show that large TARGET balances can only arise with excess liquidity. The interpretation of TARGET balances therefore … depends on the monetary policy context in which excess liquidity is created. We distinguish three phases of TARGET balances … excess liquidity is likely to persist on account of higher demand for central bank reserves compared to the pre-crisis period …

This paper examines German and foreign bank factors that can explain cross-border central bank liquidity flows between … central bank liquidity from abroad than a German bank with fewer existing central bank claims. However, higher overall … liquidity of a German credit institution corresponds to additional net inflows. Foreign bank factors only matter for central …

maintaining financial stability in the euro area by providing vast liquidity support to commercial banks that are operating in …

The paper reports the outcome of the stress-testing of liquidity risk in the TARGET2 payment system, with the study … resilience of the system, defined as the network of its participants, and the appropriateness of liquidity levels under tightened … liquidity conditions. The scenarios analysed are based on extreme shocks to the value of collateral of different levels and …