same good with a technology that employs a polluting input and a clean technology. The second-best tax and subsidy are … output but does not affect the total output. On the other hand, the subsidy leads to the monopoly to reduce the dirty output … subsidy is used provided that the marginal cost of clean output is not very high, as a linear-quadratic specification of the …

-varying influences on pollution and find that toxic emissions decrease when parent companies are more exposed to the monetary policy … shock. I further find that these facilities are also more likely to implement pollution abatement activities. Examining … within-parent company heterogeneity I find that pollution abatement investments center on facilities at greater risk of …

certain conditions, the optimal pollution tax is positive; otherwise, the tax reverts to a subsidy. Comparing mixed and …We study optimal pollution abatement under a mixed oligopoly game when firms engage in emissions-reducing R&D that is …