businesses who already have access to bank credit. Firms use FinTech to obtain long-term unsecured loans and reduce their … increase leverage and substitute long-term bank debt with FinTech debt. Our findings suggest that FinTech allows firms to … preserve financial exibility, reduce their bank dependence and exposure to banking shocks. …

Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). We find that FinTech is disproportionately used in ZIP codes with fewer bank branches, lower …

, and the bank approval disparity is also larger in more racially biased counties. We conclude that insofar as automation by …

) relationship between the standard deviation (coefficient of variation) and the average in bank lending-rate markups. In a …. Normatively, under a given inflation target, welfare gains arise if a central bank can use additional liquidity-provision (or tax …

We compare the performance of unsecured personal installment loans made by traditional bank lenders with that of … statistical noise. In 2013 and 2016, the largest bank lenders experienced the highest ratio of nonperformance, the highest … inherent credit risk, rather than by lending inefficiency. LendingClub’s performance was similar to small bank lenders as of …

Using 2013 and 2016 data, we compare the performance of unsecured consumer loans made by U.S. bank holding companies to … ratio, adjusted for statistical noise, and the minimum ratio gauges lending inefficiency. In 2013 and 2016, the largest bank … similar to the high average efficiency of the largest bank lenders - a conclusion that may not be applicable to other fintech …

markets and in areas that have fewer bank branches per capita. We also find that the portion of LendingClub loans increases in …