We explore in this study the potential impact of school closures to in-person learning on the labor supply of parents in terms of paid employment and hours of work. Using a probit model, we find that women with school-age children, regardless of educational attainment, face a lower probability...

The world is facing its biggest public health crisis in a century. Managing this crisis requires an intentional contraction of the economy of unprecedented proportions. This deliberate and unavoidable drawdown in market activity will put businesses at risk of destruction, with hundreds of...

Are new mayors more responsive to disasters than their reelected counterparts? The identification strategy is based on slim vote margin in which new and reelected mayors are found to be as if randomly assigned. We find that with greater storm exposure: new mayors spend more on health sector than...

This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Philippine labor market, focusing on employment and real wages and their respective outcomes across sectors and various worker characteristics. To analyze the pandemic's impacts on employment outcomes at various stages of the crisis,...

Socioeconomic disparities run deep in the Philippines, but the COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated these inequities. Globally, there is a renewed sense of urgency to break these inequities and place social justice at the front and center of the post-COVID recovery. Social justice is about...

The payment for ecosystem services (PES) emerges as part of an arsenal of tools for innovative domestic financing for otherwise absent markets relating to natural resource management. Its traditional framework aspects of conditionality, voluntary transaction, at least one buyer and seller, and...

The Public Management Development Program (PMDP), the National Government Career Executive Service Development Program (NGCESDP), was revitalized in 2012 through Republic Act 10155 or the General Appropriations Act of 2012. The Program is the government's response to the government's aim of...