deterministic breaks. We also present results for the different Spanish regions and industrial sectors. We find that hysteresis is … firm formation exhibit hysteresis, such that shocks, including those induced by temporary policy interventions, have … of new opportunity and new necessity entrepreneurship for the 17 Spanish regions. To test whether exogenous shocks have …

inhabitants are taken into account, some regions have persistently higher entrepreneurship rates than others. Proposed …; Sternberg 2009; Malecki 2009). It can be argued that in regions with high rates of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial role models … over 300 owner-managers of young firms across four different sectors for three regions in the Netherlands. For each of the …

Germany, West TV was exogenously available only in some regions of the latter. Using regional and individual data, we show … that, after the Reunification, entrepreneurship is higher among the residents of East German regions with West TV signal …

free-market economy and the socialistic East Germany with centrally-planned economy, some East German regions had access to … that there were hardly any differences in the levels and development of entrepreneurship between East German regions with … higher among the residents of East German regions that had access to West German public TV, indicating that TV can, while …