Europe's trade policy is heading for a sea change. But it is not Putin's war of aggression against Ukraine that is the main reason for this development. Rather, there are long-term influencing factors at work here: the WTO-centred multilateral trade order is visibly eroding. Protectionism is on...

Diversifying Germany's bilateral partnerships in the Indo-Pacific is one of the central goals of German policy. On the one hand, this diversification aims to reduce economic dependence on China, and on the other - in the context of systemic rivalry with authoritarian states - to bring about...

Human capability is one of the four aspects of wealth in the Treasury's Living Standards Framework. Combined with the other three aspects - the natural environment, physical and financial capital, and social cohesion, it underpins both current and future wellbeing. Human capability is defined as...

This paper provides an exploration of current and emerging trends in Māori wellbeing using He Ara Waiora. The paper draws on quantitative evidence, including indicators from the LSF Dashboard and Indicators Aotearoa New Zealand. The analysis is also supported by qualitative evidence in the form...

This paper is part of a series of detailed background papers designed to support Te Tai Waiora, the Treasury's first Wellbeing Report, which was published in November 2022. New Zealand is home to the world's largest Pacific population. About one in 12 New Zealanders identifies as having a...

This report discusses the evidence base relating to social cohesion in New Zealand. It introduces the relevant concepts and reviews cohesion indicators for New Zealand, including those used in theLiving Standards Framework Dashboard.

This paper provides a survey of the literature, addressing what is meant by concepts such as 'equality' and 'equity', and reasons why economic inequality might be problematic.

This paper evaluates the Trade and Sustainable Development (TSD) Chapter of the EU-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and its potential to establish a new standard for sustainability provisions in EU trade agreements. The paper explores the political and economic context of the EU-NZ FTA and...

Europas Handelspolitik steuert auf eine Zeitenwende zu. Dafür ist jedoch nicht in erster Linie Putins Angriffskrieg gegen die Ukraine verantwortlich. Vielmehr ist dies eher langfristig wirkenden Einflussfaktoren zuzuschreiben: Die WTO-zentrierte multilaterale Handelsordnung erodiert zusehends....

Integrating reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) into a post-Kyoto intergovernmental carbon market could significantly decrease global carbon prices and the costs of mitigating climate change. We investigate this impact by simulating the impact of the supply of REDD units...