The purpose of this paper is to measure and analyse how intensively CIS countries apply nontariff barriers (NTBs) to restrict foreign trade in regard to certain products and total trade. Five CIS countries were selected for this analysis, in particular Ukraine, Russian Federation, Moldova,...

The CIS countries' EU-related interests are very heterogeneous. The countries themselves differ not only in terms of their geopolitical and geo-economic situations, and how those affect their relations with the EU, but also in their levels of ambition in relation to the Union, as well as their...

Argentina's expropriation of Repsol's shares in the Argentinean energy company YPF sent chock waves through the international investment community. Even if the action by the government conformed to the standard of economic populism and nationalism that it is increasingly known for, the...

This paper considers legal implications that are likely to emerge from the implementation of a TRIPS Waiver decision. Assuming that a Waiver is adopted in the form presented in the May 2021 proposal by South Africa and India et al, we review the interaction between the Waiver and other...

Auslandsinvestitionen unterliegen heutzutage vielfach dem Schutz eines internationalen Investitionsschutzabkommens. Der in diesen Abkommen regelmäßig verankerte Schutz von Investitionen vor entschädigungsloser Enteignung kann mit staatlichen Maßnahmen zum Zwecke des Klimaschutzes in Konflikt...

The paper discusses possible directions and magnitudes of the relationship between the social security driven tax wedge, employment and shadow employment in Russia and Ukraine. The first section presents a summary of the economic and institutional background for development of the current size...

This paper reviews the economic, monetary and financial relations between the EU and the euro area and a set of countries in a broad set of neighbouring regions. The 80 or so countries are mostly classified as transition, emerging or developing economies and belong to four main regions: the...