Unless labour force participation in Europe increases enormously in the coming decades, the current demographic dynamics will pose gigantic challenges to the sustainability of public finance. Migration (and thus migration policy) can thus be seen as a central topic which will remain on top of...

This report provides an overview of the ways in which EU and EEA Member States regulate the immigration of third-country nationals who enter their territory for the purpose of work. Its focus is on short-term migrant workers and it presents the result of an extensive mapping exercise carried out...

This paper claims that the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) of the EU, and in particular the elements related to justice and home affairs (JHA), is a complex, multilayered initiative that incorporates different logics and instruments. To unravel the various layers of the policy, the paper...

Labour markets in the European Union are increasingly facing labour shortages. This ZEW Policy Brief argues that immigration from third countries should be increased to alleviate bottlenecks in the supply of workers to the economy. On the one hand, immigration policies should target high-skilled...

This European Migration Network study examines policy and practice relating to non-EEA start-ups and innovative entrepreneurs in Ireland. The study is an in-depth examination of the Start-Up Entrepreneur Programme (STEP) by which start-up founders, innovative entrepreneurs and their families...

The EU's Product Liability Directive (PLD) determines the rules for strict product liability in the EU. It establishes a framework in which manufacturers' liability is determined solely based on the presence of defects in the product, regardless of the manufacturer's fault. The PLD is intended...

This Policy Brief introduces the Gini Trade Index (GTI) as a new trade synthetic key performance indicator capable of capturing the different distribution of trade values across firm characteristics and across countries. The new indicator replicates the well-known features of the traditional...

This Policy Brief proposes the establishment of an agreement on conformity assessment between the EU and the US that covers machinery and electrical equipment. The initiative aims to increase the number of European and US conformity assessment bodies authorized to test and certify EU and US...