The separation of security and economic objectives in foreign policy, which was often sought in international political issues in the past, has outlived its usefulness. The transition to a more power-based order can be felt around the world. International economic instruments and agreements are...

Europas Handelspolitik steuert auf eine Zeitenwende zu. Dafür ist jedoch nicht in erster Linie Putins Angriffskrieg gegen die Ukraine verantwortlich. Vielmehr ist dies eher langfristig wirkenden Einflussfaktoren zuzuschreiben: Die WTO-zentrierte multilaterale Handelsordnung erodiert zusehends....

Trade in the 21st century may face lower tariffs, but regulations that affect international trade in goods and services have proliferated. While regulations are important for many public policy objectives, different and complex non-tariff measures can become unnecessarily costly trade barriers...

One of the stated aims of Brexit was to widen and customise the UK's trading relationships with the world. Several years down the line, the UK has made some limited progress towards this objective. However the international trading environment has become less hospitable, while the UK is still...

Global Britain has not delivered according to the hopes expressed by supporters of leaving the EU. Trade with the rest of the world has not grown to make up for leaving a bloc with seamless trade, early Free Trade Agreements with Australia and New Zealand are of minor economic significance, and...

Die US-Außenpolitik betrachtet wirtschaftliche Sicherheit über Parteigrenzen hinweg als Teil der "nationalen Sicherheit", besonders gegenüber China. Im Wettstreit mit China greifen die USA zunehmend auf außenwirtschaftliche Zwangsinstrumente zurück, die zum Teil auch gegen Unternehmen in...

The purpose of this paper is to measure and analyse how intensively CIS countries apply nontariff barriers (NTBs) to restrict foreign trade in regard to certain products and total trade. Five CIS countries were selected for this analysis, in particular Ukraine, Russian Federation, Moldova,...