In wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht war die Erweiterung der EU um die mittel- und osteuropäischen Länder (MOEL) erfolgreich. Diese Staaten konnten sich durchweg in den gemeinsamen Binnenmarkt integrieren. Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung deutet auf Konvergenz und Kohäsion. Dazu haben auch...

This paper studies the incentives to join or enlarge a monetary union under alternative assumptions about the extent of market reform within the union and in candidate countries. Lack of labour mobility, wage/price flexibility or fiscal reform brings costs for both new entrants and in the...

This paper uses a multi region DSGE model with collateral constrained households and residential investment to examine the effectiveness of fiscal policy stimulus measures in a credit crisis. The paper explores alternative scenarios which differ by the type of budgetary measure, its length, the...

Nach der Empfehlung der Europäischen Kommission, Beitrittsverhandlungen mit der Ukraine aufzunehmen, wird der Europäische Rat darüber auf seinem Gipfel im Dezember entscheiden. Dies ist ein historischer Schritt, der, besonders vor dem Hintergrund des andauernden russischen Angriffskriegs,...

Emerging market economies were major beneficiaries of the economic boom before 2007. More recently, they have become victims of the global financial crisis. Their future development depends, to a large extent, on global economic prospects. Today the global economy and the European economy are...

The economic and social crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in Europe and around the world is without precedent since World War II if not before. With more than 40 million known cases in Europe in one year, and over 900 000 deaths (March 2020 to March 2021), governments have stepped up their...