Investment in brands drives the allocation of resources in our economy. It increases competition, pushes firms to innovate, and decreases asymmetries in the market leading to a higher level of economic development. Investment in brands and intangibles has seen an increase in the last fifteen...

Great power politics in the Arctic are intensifying. The US, Russia and China are all strengthening their presence in the region. With the Arctic strategy of the Kingdom of Denmark presently in the process of being updated, this report analyses the assessments and strategies of Finland, Norway...

There is now a long history of countries improving sustainability standards in most parts of the economy while at the same time pursuing the ambitions of rules-based international trade and economic integration with other countries. It is not surprising that countries at the vanguard of...

We present a macroprudential stress testing framework. While traditional stress testing assesses the level of banks' capital adequacy relative to regulatory requirements through a hypothetical crisis, macroprudential stress testing assesses macroeconomic consequences of the impact of banks'...

This paper documents a new feature in Norges Bank's policy model NEMO, namely the ability to handle structural break points, i.e. shifts in one or more parameter values at a specific point in time. This property is introduced to enable the model to answer new policy-relevant questions, such as...

Loans to non-financial enterprises are the main source of banks' losses. Analyses of banks' losses on corporate loans are therefore important in the assessment of financial stability. This paper presents Norges Bank's framework for estimating losses on corporate loans built up from microdata for...