We analyze the situation of self-employed receiving means-tested benefits in Germany. A severe loss of income is the … education and working hours, the income of the self-employed actually is much worse in comparison to paid employees who also …

on the description of the middle income and income distribution of self-employed in comparison to employees. The results … graduates are significantly higher among solo self-employed than among employees. Statistics on personal net income show that … income of the solo self-employed (average: 1,681 €, median: 1,489 €) is well below the average income of the self …

are household equivalent disposable in-come, household consumption, and wealth. Subsequently we use the Income and … Expenditure Survey (Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichprobe (EVS)) for Germany since 1993 to compare inequality across income … income and income more une-qually than consumption. …

This study investigates the income of self-employed based on the panel Labour Markets and Social Security of the …

Based on income tax data, statistical information can be compiled on self-employed and business start-ups by field of …, approx. one million are old age pensioners (with additional income from self-employment) and two million part-time self …-employed (i.e. with secondary income). 1.6 million self-employed operate in the liberal pro-fessions, thereof 57 % as main …