contributions. In a general equilibrium setup, these risks also affect wages and thus pension benefits and replacement rates. We … contributions over time under demographic and economic risks. Smoothing is affected by the revisions in long-term forecasts and is … thus imperfect. As a partially funded defined-benefit system, demographic risks and asset yield risks directly affect the …

expansion. Chapters 4 and 5 examine institutions at the local level, namely local public accounting standards and local election …

Accounting standard setters are considering the wider use of fair value accounting. This paper focuses on the financial … stability implications of a move in the banking sector from the current accounting framework to full fair value accounting. A … application of fair value accounting to banks’ trading book has impacted their share price volatility. It is concluded that the …

policy. The new budgetary Debt Brake and the demand for long-term fiscal sustainability add to the urgency of this claim. The … integration of tax expenditures with the budget process. VI. Sustainability impact assessment by the subsidy report: The coalition … subsidies are sustainable. The study develops a framework for these sustainability impact assessments of subsidies. …