In this paper, a dynamic relationship between the wind electricity production of Germany and Spain is presented. With the help of a VAR(1) model, and using the terminology of Granger Causality, it is shown that the wind electricity production of Germany Granger causes the wind electricity...

Conventional econometric analysis using VEC suggests that there is a long-term relationship between nominal world GDP and nominal world exports. The analysis cannot say anything about the causal relationships between the levels of GDP and exports. But it says a lot about the rules governing the...