and Russia and associated changes in imports schedule on the structure of Kazakhstan's imports. Trade creation effects … appear to have been insignificant. At the same time the change in tariffs appears to have created some trade diversion, with … a significantly negative impact on imports from China in particular and a significantly positive impact on imports from …

imports, while their effect on exports is likely to depend on how much domestic labour contributes to total value added. If … and policy making, that by lowering labour taxes, authorities can improve the trade balance. The second major finding is … that the effect of corporate tax on exports and imports depends on the stock of FDI. Corporate taxes are unlikely to affect …

This report examines the development and composition of Finland's international trade in services compared to other … countries. The findings reveal a substantial growth in Finland's service exports, though at a slower pace than the EU average … Denmark have focused their service exports in specific areas. In the future, diversifying the range of service exports is …

determinants of the Austrian bilateral export market shares with European trading partners over 1995-2016 provide evidence that …

In 2018, a World Trade Organization (WTO) Panel ruled that plain packaging of tobacco products was consistent with … Australia’s obligations under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and was in the … consumption of tobacco products by diminishing their advertising appeal. This paper discusses the intellectual property aspects …

background, it examines the viability under the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the TRIPS … Agreement) of an exception allowing for the manufacture and export of patent-protected products. It concludes that such an …

targeting the tobacco farming and cigarette industries face a dilemma of public health versus rural livelihoods. This policy … in Indonesia. The paper also explores the need for technical support to enable farmers to grow tobacco for other purposes …

implications for global trade. Our simulations, which are based on recent international input-output data, suggest that the current …

This policy brief provides an overview of Finland's dependency on imports from China in both a national and EU context …. As trade figures based on value added only provide a rough notion of China's contribution to final consumption, we also … consider import dependence from the goods imports figures of Finnish Customs to assess import dependence directly for specific …