This report aims to analyse euro area energy markets and the impact of energy price changes on the macroeconomy from a … monetary policy perspective. The core task of the report is to analyse the impact of energy price developments on output and … consumer prices. Nevertheless, understanding the link between energy price fluctuations, inflationary pressures and the role of …

This paper seeks to disaggregate concerns about energy security within the wider European neighbourhood from the nation … Union. It argues that two decades of under-investment in Soviet-era energy, water, and communal service infrastructures … Kyrgyzstan. These problems are manifesting themselves both in terms of growing physical restrictions on access to energy, water …

The Russian economy boomed in the period of rising energy prices. That period coincided roughly with the era of … states from Central and Eastern Europe. Surging energy export revenues gave a boost to both private consumption and, later on …, also to investment. Thanks to windfall gains from energy exports the government's external debts were paid back, foreign …

Russia and four other CIS countries - Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan - are important energy … prospects of future cooperation appear equally problematic. The prospects of the Russian energy sector are to be seen against … the background of the newly adopted 'Energy Strategy until 2030'. The key problems tackled in the Energy Strategy are the …

energy related policies on domestic innovation activities. Under control of the respective domestic policy stringency, we …

as energy efficiency increases and the price of renewable energy falls. …

China is by far the world's largest consumer of primary energy. Its vast energy demands are a leading issue for global … energy use, driving pollution trends and prices on commodity markets. Despite huge increases in non-fossil capacity from … nuclear and renewables, China still burns tremendous amounts of coal to meet its primary energy needs. Domestic energy …

or volume of its energy exports. This truly nuclear sanctions option-that of restricting energy trade between Russia and … the EU -is unlikely given the sizeable negative impact it would have on both sides. Aside from energy, the most painful … isolate Russia economically, leading to a continuation of its very mediocre growth performance since 2014. It will also likely …