employment reductions and short-time work during the first lockdown. Refugees were also only able to perform their jobs at home … to a very limited extent. Important causes of these negative labor market effects are temporary employment contracts …, short tenures and differences in employment structures. Furthermore, among refugees and other migrants, unemployment has …

, employment and shadow employment in Russia and Ukraine. The first section presents a summary of the economic and institutional … section presents some theoretical considerations on the relationship between the social protection system, tax wedge, non-employment … and finally, shadow employment. The third section contains an attempt to econometrically estimate the magnitude of the …

of foreign mergers and acquisitions on labour productivity and employment growth up to five years after acquisition. Our …

better export and employment performance requires a decline of relative unit labour costs and an improvement of business …