Structural policies in the euro area are of great interest for the Eurosystem, particularly as they can support the smooth functioning of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the effectiveness of monetary policy. This paper adopts a broad definition of structural policies, analysing not...

This study examines the allocation of business subsidies introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic to different types of companies. The results show that most of the supported companies would not have needed the subsidy, as they would have remained profitable also in the absence of it....

The economic characteristics of the COVID-19 crisis differ from those of previous crises. It is a combination of demand- and supply-side constraints which led to the formation of a monetary overhang that will be unfrozen once the pandemic ends. Monetary policy must take this effect into...

Diese Studie untersucht anhand einer systematischen Literaturanalyse, inwiefern die individuelle Resilienz der Unternehmerperson die Unternehmensentwicklung während der Corona-Pandemie beeinflusst hat und welche Resilienzfaktoren dabei von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Obwohl die individuelle...

In the light of fears that the SARS-CoV-2 virus might be transmitted via cash - fears that were stoked by statements in the media and from public authorities - this paper aims to address the following issues: (1) to provide a descriptive account of the change in the circulation of euro banknotes...

This research brief reports how consumption plans and spending propensities were affected at the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey shows that private households have been significantly more cautious in their spending intentions, while the average marginal propensity to...

Die Studie untersucht auf Basis des German Business Panels, wie kleine und mittlere Unter-nehmen (KMU) sowie mittelständische Unternehmen durch die Covid-19-Pandemie gekom-men sind. Sie zeigt, dass die KMU ebenso wie die mittelständischen Unternehmen stärker von der Krise betroffen waren als...

The Covid-19 pandemic and Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine have posed major challenges - in different ways - to Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries as well as to the European Union (EU). At the same time, these international crises have revealed how little resilience there is...