Structural policies in the euro area are of great interest for the Eurosystem, particularly as they can support the smooth functioning of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the effectiveness of monetary policy. This paper adopts a broad definition of structural policies, analysing not...

Die Studie untersucht auf Basis des German Business Panels, wie kleine und mittlere Unter-nehmen (KMU) sowie mittelständische Unternehmen durch die Covid-19-Pandemie gekom-men sind. Sie zeigt, dass die KMU ebenso wie die mittelständischen Unternehmen stärker von der Krise betroffen waren als...

The Covid-19 pandemic and Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine have posed major challenges - in different ways - to Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries as well as to the European Union (EU). At the same time, these international crises have revealed how little resilience there is...

Diese Studie untersucht mögliche Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie auf die Finanzierung von kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU). Zu Beginn der Corona-Pandemie ist die Anzahl der KMU mit Finanzierungsproblemen gestiegen, sowohl in Deutschland als auch in weiteren Ländern des Euroraums. KMU...

This research paper examines the role of the European Structural and Investment (ESI) funds in building the European Health Union (EHU) in the context of the mid-term review of the multiannual financial framework and the high variance in excess mortality during the Covid-19 pan­demic. It...

This study examines the allocation of business subsidies introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic to different types of companies. The results show that most of the supported companies would not have needed the subsidy, as they would have remained profitable also in the absence of it....

This research brief reports how consumption plans and spending propensities were affected at the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey shows that private households have been significantly more cautious in their spending intentions, while the average marginal propensity to...

The economic characteristics of the COVID-19 crisis differ from those of previous crises. It is a combination of demand- and supply-side constraints which led to the formation of a monetary overhang that will be unfrozen once the pandemic ends. Monetary policy must take this effect into...