in science / Tasso Brandt and Torben Schubert -- 9. How and why does cost efficiency of universities differ across …. Scale and research specialization in European universities : a directional distance approach to teaching efficiency / Andrea …

measurement of efficiency, productivity, growth and performance. These concepts are commonly measured residually and difficult to … quantify in practice. In real-life applications, efficiency and productivity estimates are often quite sensitive to the models … topics ranging from the output/input ratio to productivity indexes and national statistics. …

some studies limited, convergence of bank efficiency among countries but on average productivity improvement has been weak … efficiency, on the way how to measure productivity appropriately as well as on the future development of financial institutions …' productivity. First, the question arises whether the quest for productivity and profitability may under certain circumstances …