employment, start-up incentives are a fundamentally different approach to ALMP, in that they intend to encourage and help … unemployed individuals to exit unemployment by entering self-employment and, thus, by creating their own jobs. In this sense …, start-up incentives for unemployed individuals serve not only as employment and social policy to activate job seekers and …

this way by providing new evidence on start-up subsidies, marginal employment and programs for youth unemployed. The idea … dissertation adds three substantial aspects to the literature: First, the programs are effective in improving the employment and … women often face more difficulties to integrate in dependent employment. It can be shown that start-up subsidy programs are …